The 30-marker essay is one of the most important—and sometimes most intimidating—parts of the A Level History exam. Worth a large proportion of the paper, it tests your ability to structure an argument, analyse historical evidence, and present a clear, well-reasoned conclusion.

Many students lose marks not because they don’t know the content, but because they don’t write in a way that meets the assessment objectives. This guide will help you approach 30-mark questions with confidence.

Understand What the Question Is Asking

Before you even think about writing, read the question carefully—twice. Identify:

• The focus: What is the central issue or topic?
• The time frame: Are you looking at a specific period or the whole course?
• The command word: Words like ‘assess’, ‘evaluate’, or ‘to what extent’ indicate you must weigh up evidence and reach a judgement.

Highlight key terms and dates. This will help keep your essay focused and relevant.

Plan Before You Write

Even under timed conditions, spend 5–10 minutes planning. A clear plan ensures:

• You include the most relevant examples.
• Your argument is balanced, covering different viewpoints.
• You have a logical flow from introduction to conclusion.

Divide your main points into 3–4 paragraphs, each tackling a different theme or factor.

Structure Your Answer

A good structure for a 30-marker is:

1. Introduction: Briefly outline your line of argument and how you will address the question.
2. Main Paragraphs: Use the PEEL method (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link).
   • Point: State your argument clearly.
   • Evidence: Provide specific historical facts, dates, and examples.
   • Explanation: Analyse how your evidence supports your point.
   • Link: Tie it back to the question.
3. Counter-Argument Paragraph(s): Show awareness of alternative viewpoints or interpretations.
4. Conclusion: Summarise your main points and clearly state your final judgement.

Meet the Assessment Objectives

Examiners mark A Level History essays according to specific criteria, often referred to as assessment objectives (AOs):

• AO1: Demonstrate detailed knowledge and understanding.
• AO2: Analyse and evaluate historical events and issues.
• AO3: Use historical interpretations where appropriate.
• AO4: Communicate clearly and effectively.

Balance factual detail with analysis—don’t just tell the story, explain its significance.

Use Signposting Language

Guide the examiner through your argument with phrases such as:

• “A key factor contributing to…”
• “On the other hand…”
• “However, it could also be argued that…”
• “Ultimately, the most significant factor was…”

Practice Under Exam Conditions

The best way to improve is to practise timed essays. Use past paper questions from your exam board and compare your answers with the mark schemes. Find Edexcel A Level History past papers here .

Related Resources

• What is the Pass Mark for A Level History?
• View the A Level History Course
• Book a Free Advice Call

Final Tips

• Stay focused on the question throughout.
• Use accurate historical detail to back up your points.
• Write in a clear, formal style—avoid slang or overly casual language.
• Always leave 2–3 minutes to read through and correct any mistakes.

Ready to Master A Level History?